Do You Know Who Really Invented the Wheelbarrow

American poet William Carlos Williams praised them in his most famous poem: so much depends upon a red wheelbarrow, he wrote in 1962. The fact is that whether they have one or two wheels, wheelbarrows changed the world in small ways. They help us carry heavy loads easily and efficiently. Wheelbarrows were used in Ancient China, Greece and Rome. But do you know who really invented them? From Ancient China to Your Backyard   According to the history book  The Records of the Three Kingdoms, by the ancient historian Chen Shou, the single-wheeled cart today known as a wheelbarrow was invented by the prime minister of Shu Han, Zhuge Liang, in 231 A.D. Liang called his device a â€Å"wooden ox.† The handles of the cart faced forward (so that it was pulled), and it was used to carry men and material in battle. But the archaeological record bears out devices older than the â€Å"wooden ox† in China. (By contrast, the wheelbarrow seems to arrive in Europe sometime between 1170 and 1250 A.D.) Paintings of men using wheelbarrows were found in tombs in Sichuan, China, that dated to 118 A.D. Eastern vs. Western Wheelbarrows A notable difference between the wheelbarrow as it was invented and existed in ancient China and the device found today is in the placement of the wheel. The Chinese invention placed the wheel at the center of the device, with a frame built around it. In this way, the weight was more evenly distributed on the cart; the man pulling/pushing the cart had to do considerably less work. Such wheelbarrows could effectively move passengers — up to six men. The European barrow features a wheel at one end of the cart and necessitates more effort to push. While this would appear to be a strong factor against the European design, the lower position of the load makes it more useful for short trips and both loading and dumping cargo.

Jewish Non Profit Organizations Amir, Hazon And My...

This paper will discuss three Jewish non-profit Organizations: Amir, Hazon and My Jewish Learning Experience, and their fundamentals, procedures, and goals. These nonprofits have one essential aspect in common; they all fall under the category of Slingshot Organizations. Slingshot, which originated in 2004, grew out of the Jewish community s desire to better understand the Jewish organizations in existence. With help from the Bronfman family and staff, Slingshot is a resource guide to Jewish Innovation. It consisted of a list of the 50 most cutting-edge Jewish nonprofits in North America. Every year Slingshot chooses another 50 Jewish organizations, and there is no limit to how many times an organization can be mentioned. The question I have for Slingshot is why choose 50 organizations to target why not 100 or 25? The Slingshot Fund was officially founded in 2007, and targeted organizations that worked with the next generation. It taught the funders how to manage a non-profit b y reviewing grant proposals, and learning how to best allocate funds. Slingshot s mission statement is to build improvement among the Jewish community by creating next-generation funders, and allocating resources in order to strengthen their influence on Jewish life. In order to fulfill this mission, they carry out, facilitate, and manage programs in order to build and improve upon three significant activities. Slingshot is not only a source of funding, but also a powerful leader and voice

Elizabethan and jacobean era fashion Essay Example For Students

Elizabethan and jacobean era fashion Essay Similarities and differences between Elizabethan and Jacobean Era manner. The Elizabethan and Jacobean Era manner had a batch of similarities along with many differences. They both had a alone manner of manner whereby manner to them brought great and better organize and proper foundation. The Elizabeth epoch were more into the V form vesture whereby the apparels were more to suit the form and organic structure construction. While during the Jacobean epoch more of the â€Å"U† shaped vesture was worn. The Jacobean Era came up to be so enticed by frills, where dressing made from glistening, smooth silk satins and drama of visible radiation on these all right cloths. But the Gallic or wheel farthingale from the Elizabethan Era had be replaced with a softer manner of kilting the gown skirts. The unfastened jacket and gown shaped like the missive â€Å"U† were now being worn over the venters. They both on the other manus, used vesture as a manner to separate and put criterions, differential their clip and construct a society of more civilised an d great power. The Elizabethan Era was into being quite elegant and posh.It was merely another manner witting epoch, in which the manner to demo their personality and individualism was through their manner of manner and manner. They were more known on manner thoughts and the manner people found self-expression through it. In the beginning of the Elizabethan Era, adult females dressed insouciant and formal and The Elizabethan Era merely refers to a period, which was under the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The Elizabethan Era is besides known as the Golden Age in History. This was the clip when one saw the great new formation of English literature. It was besides a brief period, which saw some sum of internal peace between the English Reformation and the clangs between other communities. Clothing in the Elizabethan Era besides saw an influence of geometric forms. They took clip and attempt in demoing of the natural form and construction of their single organic structures. They decorated their organic structure with all right stuffs that was rather great in sum, size and quality. They did this so to comprehend an feeling of a little waist. And this was non merely shown in adult females but work forces every bit good, where they besides wanted truly thin organic structure so to demo their maleness. One would besides necessitate to observe that the Elizabethan Era was one such period, which saw a proper division of category. With it, manner was a manner to separate great category and position. The Sumptuary Laws were passed that stated the sort of vesture one would hold to have on. Manner besides saw many alterations and in the beginning of the Elizabethan Era, one can detect that the Elizabethan vesture was styled to cover every portion of a adult female s organic structure. Elizabethan vesture was besides characterized by the sort of category one belonged to. Peoples who belonged to the lower strata of society wore vesture made from stuffs like wool, fleece and even linen. Peoples who belonged to this class were non allowed to have on stuffs in silk or even have velvet fixingss.Work force s vesture in the Elizabethan Era besides witnessed rather a few alterations. Work force wore ‘jerkins which were shirts with buttons down in the forepart. Work force who belonged to the upper category besides wore all right silk chapeaus with a individual plume. Places were ever made of all right quality leather. Long, fluxing cloaks and tall chapeaus were besides added to the sort of vesture worn in the Elizabethan Era. .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f , .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f .postImageUrl , .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f , .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f:hover , .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f:visited , .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f:active { border:0!important; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f:active , .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b257321d7e96bf846398331c29dc35f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The 411 on copyright for net p EssayThese Torahs were passed by Queen Elizabeth and were besides known as Legislative acts of Apparel. It was fundamentally done to clearly demarcate the societal construction bing in the Elizabethan Era. The Queen herself and merely her dealingss were allowed to have on vesture that used gold or gold tissue as an embroidery. In the Jacobean Era, as the frill grew in size and ornamentation, the remainder of the vesture became more simple and elegant but if one was to look carefully, one will detect vesture made from glistening, smooth silk satins and painters who reveled in the drama of visible radiation on these all right cloths. The curtain of these glorious fabrics was emphasized by the agreement of the cloth over the hips. Another manner exists about the same clip. Open-front jackets or gowns reveal brilliantly colored brocade stomachers shaped in a low U over the venters. The manner is best portrayed in Ruben s Portrait of himself, where his first married woman, Isabella Brant. Most of the portrayals of adult females drawn of the Jacobean Era, they featured adult females have oning the ornate stomachers, whish are normally in lone spot of colour in an outfit of the remainder of which is shockingly black. This stomachers seems to be the Dutchwoman s mercantile establishment for dash. The bodice is still rather structured, changing from a shockingly low make outing to a high neckband, but the gown skirts or half-slips have become softer and no longer look to be worn with a farthingale. The flowery ornament of the Elizabethan period besides seems to be lessening. It is being replaced by the deluxe silks and minimum trim that so clearly mark the Stuart manners to come The Manner in the Elizabethan Era and Jacobean Era both gave manner to a new epoch O manner and vesture. They brought out some of the thoughts in which are still present in today s dressing. It is rather obvious that they centered on manner and many other things, but with it they brought great alterations to the universe as a whole. The alterations and influence they had and still hold on the universe is rather tremendous. The doors they open for us and the eyes they widened are those that let us all to construct our ain manner and new manner of STYLE.